Sulfur (S)

Atomic Number: 16

Relative Atomic Mass: 32.0655


Electronegativity: 2.58


Atomic Radius (Picometers): 100

Appearance: Yellow


Occurrence: Natural

Melting Point (Kelvin): 388.36

Boiling Point (Kelvin): 717.8 

Stables Isotopes: 32, 33, 34, 36


Discoverer: The Ancients

Properties: Odorless, Tasteless,

First Use: Ointment (3000 BC)

Modern Uses: Fungicide, Fertiliser

Picture Courtesy of Ben Mills


©2011 Grant Dwyer

Phosphorus (P)

Atomic Number: 15

Relative Atomic Mass: 30.9737622


Electronegativity: 2.19


Atomic Radius (Picometers): 100

Appearance: Red, White, Yellow, Colourless and More

Occurrence: Natural


Melting Point (Kelvin): White - 317.4 
                                        Black - 883.2

Boiling Point (Kelvin): White - 553.7


Stable Isotopes: 31

Discoverer: Hennig Brandt in 1669

Properties: White - Very Reactive, Very Volatile, Very Toxic

                    Red - Fire Retardant

                   Black - Low Reactivity

First Use: Matches (19th Century)

Modern Uses: Water Softening

Pictures Courtesy of BXXXD, Tomihahndorf, Maksim and Materialscientist


©2011 Grant Dwyer

Silicon (Si)

Atomic Number: 14

Relative Atomic Mass: 28.08553


Electronegativity: 1.90


Atomic Radius (Picometers): 110

Appearance: Reflective with Blue-Tinge

Occurrence: Natural


Melting Point (Kelvin): 1687

Boiling Point (Kelvin): 3538


Stable Isotopes: 28, 29, 30

Discoverer: Jons Berzelius in 1823

Properties: Semiconductor, Strong

First Use: Unknown

Modern Uses: Electronics

Picture Courtesy of Enricoros


©2011 Grant Dwyer

Aluminium (Al)

Atomic Number: 13

Relative Atomic Mass: 26.981538613


Electronegativity: 1.61


Atomic Radius (Picometers): 125

Appearance: Silvery Grey

Occurrence: Natural


Melting Point (Kelvin): 933.47

Boiling Point (Kelvin): 2792


Stable Isotopes: 27

Discoverer: Hans Christian Oersted in 1825

Properties: Durable, Soft, Malleable, Ductile

First Use: Dressing Wounds (8th Century BC)

Modern Uses: Packaging, Transportation

Picture Courtesy of images-of-elements.com

©2011 Grant Dwyer

Magnesium (Mg)

Atomic Number: 12

Relative Atomic Mass: 24.30506


Electronegativity: 1.31


Atomic Radius (Picometers): 150

Appearance: Shiny Grey


Occurrence: Natural

Melting Point (Kelvin): 923

Boiling Point (Kelvin): 1363

Stable Isotopes: 24, 25, 26

Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808

Properties: Highly Flammable, Strong

First Use: Medicine (1618)

Modern Uses: Photoengraving, Alcohol

Picture Courtesy of Warut Roonguthai


©2011 Grant Dwyer

Sodium (Na)

Atomic Number: 11

Relative Atomic Mass: 22.989769282


Electronegativity: 0.93


Atomic Radius (Picometers): 180

Appearance: Silvery-White Metallic

Occurrence: Natural

Melting Point (Kelvin): 370.87

Boiling Point (Kelvin): 1156


Stable Isotopes: 23

Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807

Properties: Soft, Reacts Violently with Water

First Use: Unknown

Modern Uses: Nuclear, Lighting

Picture Courtesy of Dnn87


©2011 Grant Dwyer

Neon (Ne)

Atomic Number: 10


Relative Atomic Mass: 20.17976


Electronegativity: Unknown


Atomic Radius: Unknown

Appearance: Colourless (Orange-Red when subjected to a High Voltage Electric Field)

Occurrence: Natural


Melting Point (Kelvin): 24.56

Boiling Point (Kelvin): 27.07


Stable Isotopes: 20, 21, 22

Discoverer: Sir William Ramsay in 1898

Properties: Inert, Exists only as Monotomic Particles

First Use: Lighting (1910)

Modern Uses: Cryogenic Refrigerant

Picture Courtesy of Alchemist-hp


©2011 Grant Dwyer